Crypto exchange

Strike Review

In our view, Strike is a low-cost bitcoin app for US savers in all 50 states, D.C. and Puerto Rico.

Our score 7.1 of 10

Strongest criteria: Operation and Beginner friendliness, 8 of 10 each.

By Ethan ParkerUpdated on November 4, 2026How we rate

0.89%Taker feeMaker fee 0.89%. Strike charges one fee per trade that falls with monthly volume, from 0.89% to 0.25%. Recurring buys are free after the first week.
1Crypto assets
Open in every US stateUnited StatesThrough Zap Solutions, Inc. (NMLS 1902919) in all 50 states, D.C. and Puerto Rico. Checked 2026-11-04
2019Founded, HQ: USAOperator: Zap Solutions, Inc. d/b/a Strike.
AlwaysID checkID before you trade, deposit or withdraw
Our verdict

Choose Strike if

In our view, Strike is one of the lower-cost and simpler ways for US residents to buy bitcoin regularly and move it to their own wallet. It offers fee-free recurring buys and free standard withdrawals, but only deals in bitcoin. This makes it unsuitable for those interested in other cryptocurrencies. We think active traders who need an order book, altcoins or derivatives should look elsewhere.

Platform

Inside Strike

Tradable Assets
Bitcoin
Trading Options
Spot buys and sellsTarget orders at your priceRecurring buys

What you can do on Strike

Yes, no or partly, from our data

Trading 1 of 1

  • Real coinsYes

Earn and money 1 of 1

  • Recurring buysYes

Security and apps 4 of 4

  • Two-factor authenticationYes
  • Withdraw to your own walletYes
  • iOS appYes
  • Android appYes
Special features
Automatic withdrawals from 0.01 BTC to your own walletPaycheck in bitcoin, up to $20,000 a month free in the USLightning Network payments
Pros and cons

What we like and what we don't

Fees start at 0.89% and fall with volume, recurring buys are free after the first week and withdrawals are free if you wait up to 24 hours. It supports bitcoin only.

What we like

  • Available in all 50 states, D.C. and Puerto Rico
  • Trading fee from 0.89%, falling to 0.25% at high volume
  • Recurring buys free after the first week
  • Free bitcoin withdrawals if you wait up to 24 hours
  • A 5-day delay before account protections can be switched off

What we don't like

  • Bitcoin only, no other coins
  • No public proof of reserves for all customer balances
  • Debit card deposits cost 1.99%
  • Quotes can include third-party spreads
Our assessment

7.1 of 10 across six criteria

Our view of Strike on each criterion, with the score our editors set. Read more opens the full assessment under each row. The method and the weight of each criterion are on How we rate.

  • Operation8 of 10 on a scale from complicated to simple. Our editors set every score; the method is on How we rate.

    We think the Strike app is easy to follow: you link a bank, choose an amount and buy.

    Read more

    The app shows your fee level and volume. Besides spot buys you can set target orders at your own price and recurring buys. In our view the narrow bitcoin focus keeps the app simple.

  • Functions & scope5 of 10 on a scale from simple to extensive. Our editors set every score; the method is on How we rate.

    Strike supports bitcoin only.

    Read more

    Beyond trading it offers direct deposit, bill pay and payments in over 100 countries. US individuals can earn 3.6% interest on cash, paid in bitcoin, and bitcoin-backed loans start at 7.75% APR. Automatic withdrawals send coins to your own address once your balance passes a threshold between 0.01 BTC and 5.0 BTC.

  • Fees & costs7 of 10 on a scale from high to low. Our editors set every score; the method is on How we rate.

    Strike charges one fee per trade that falls with your monthly volume, from 0.89% up to $4,999.99 down to 0.25% from $15M.

    Read more

    Recurring buys are free after the first week. Card deposits cost 1.99% with a $0.99 minimum, and on-chain withdrawals are free if you wait up to 24 hours. Quotes can include third-party spreads.

  • Security & trust7 of 10 on a scale from low to high. Our editors set every score; the method is on How we rate.

    Strike holds a New York virtual currency license and is registered with FinCEN.

    Read more

    It holds customer bitcoin 1:1 in multi-signature vaults, mostly in cold storage. Two-factor authentication with a passkey, a security key or an app, a PIN and a 5-day delay protect the account. We would like a public reserve attestation for all balances.

    Licenses
    NYDFS virtual currency licenseFinCEN MSBUS state licenses; EU: MFSA (MiCA)
    Security features
    2FA: yes
  • Beginner friendliness8 of 10 on a scale from unsuitable to very suitable. Our editors set every score; the method is on How we rate.

    In our view Strike is a good first bitcoin app for US savers.

    Read more

    You open an account with your legal name, email address and phone number, and Strike may ask for more documents. Bank deposits carry no Strike fee, so we would link a bank account rather than a card and start with a small recurring buy.

  • Support5 of 10 on a scale from bad to good. Our editors set every score; the method is on How we rate.

    You can open a request in the app or write by email, and eligible US accounts can request a callback.

    Read more

    We think the in-app callback makes it harder for scammers to pose as Strike.

Fees

Fees and minimums

Fees and minimums. Fees checked on November 4, 2026 for 4 of 5 exchanges. Source: exchangeflow.co
WhatStrike
Taker fee0.89%Strike charges one fee per trade that falls with monthly volume, from 0.89% to 0.25%. Recurring buys are free after the first week.
Maker fee0.89%Strike charges one fee per trade that falls with monthly volume, from 0.89% to 0.25%. Recurring buys are free after the first week.
BTC withdrawalNo feeOn-chain withdrawals are free if you can wait up to 24 hours; faster confirmation costs a fee.

Fee schedule: US

Checked November 4, 2026

US availability

Open in every US state

Through Zap Solutions, Inc. (NMLS 1902919) in all 50 states, D.C. and Puerto Rico.

Pick a state to see the answer.

Checked November 4, 2026

Full review

Full review

Strike Review: Bitcoin Fees, US Availability, Safety and Who It Suits

In our view, Strike is one of the lower-cost and simpler ways for US residents to buy bitcoin regularly and move it to their own wallet. It offers fee-free recurring buys and free standard withdrawals, but only deals in bitcoin. This makes it unsuitable for those interested in other cryptocurrencies. We think active traders who need an order book, altcoins or derivatives should look elsewhere.

Strike at a glance

  • Operator in the US: Zap Solutions, Inc. d/b/a Strike, NMLS 1902919
  • Headquarters: Chicago, Illinois, United States
  • Founded: 2019
  • Assets: bitcoin only
  • Trading fee, entry tier: 0.89%
  • Recurring buys: no fee after the first week
  • Bitcoin withdrawal: free if you wait up to 24 hours
  • New York: virtual currency license 0000050
  • US availability: all 50 states, D.C. and Puerto Rico

What Strike is

Strike was founded in 2019 and describes itself as regulated, audited, fully reserved and bitcoin only. It says it is available for individuals and businesses in 98 countries. In the US it covers all 50 states, D.C. and Puerto Rico.

In our view Strike is closer to a bitcoin bank than to an exchange: you can buy and sell bitcoin, receive your paycheck in bitcoin, pay bills, send money abroad, earn interest on cash and borrow against your bitcoin. We think the lack of an altcoin list, an order book and futures keeps the app simple.

Ease of use

We think Strike's app is easy to follow for a first purchase: you link a bank, choose an amount and buy, and the app shows your fee level and volume. You can set up recurring purchases, and they carry no fee after the first week. Large buyers can place single purchases of up to $2.5M.

Strike supports fast bitcoin payments via the Lightning Network, though it passes the Lightning routing fee to users. In our view, Lightning is beneficial for frequent small transactions, as on-chain fees may exceed the payment amount.

Getting started

To open an account you provide your full legal name, email address and phone number, and Strike may ask for more documents to confirm your identity. In our view the process is standard for a regulated US service, and we would have an ID ready before you start. You then link a bank account for ACH or wire deposits, or add a debit card. We would use the bank link, because card deposits carry a fee and bank deposits do not.

How Strike compares with other bitcoin apps

For a small purchase, Strike's entry fee of 0.89% compares with 2.0% for a market buy under $500 on Cash App. Cash App can add a spread of up to 0.75% on top, while Strike's quote can include third-party spreads. Uphold, a multi-asset app, typically charges a spread of 2.00% to 2.20% on bitcoin. In our view Strike is the cheaper of these three for small one-off bitcoin purchases, while recurring buys are free on both Strike and Cash App.

Fees

Strike levies a single fee per trade, decreasing with monthly volume: 0.89% up to $4,999.99, 0.79% from $5,000, 0.69% from $50,000, 0.59% from $500,000, and reduces further, down to 0.25% from $15M. Recurring buys are fee-free after the first week, and within the US, converting up to $20,000 a month of your paycheck into bitcoin is free.

The quoted rate can also include spreads from third-party providers, and Strike may keep any excess spread. We would therefore compare the final quote rather than the fee alone, as we do with every broker.

A worked example

A single $1,000 purchase in the first tier costs $8.90 at 0.89%. Strike's own example shows that one $5,000 buy reaches the second tier and costs $39.50 at 0.79%. In our view that is clearly cheaper than the spreads of many beginner apps, and recurring buys are cheaper still because they carry no fee at all.

Deposits and withdrawals

Bank deposits by ACH and wire carry no Strike fee, while a debit card deposit costs 1.99% with a $0.99 minimum. On-chain bitcoin withdrawals to your own wallet are free if you can wait up to 24 hours, and faster confirmation is available for a fee. We prefer services with a free withdrawal like this, because it makes Strike a good on-ramp to self-custody.

Automated withdrawals can be activated: once a balance exceeds a chosen threshold, between 0.01 BTC and 5.0 BTC, Strike transfers it to your address within 24 hours, without a fee. We rate this as one of Strike's key features for savers, enabling coin movement off the platform automatically.

Paying, sending and getting paid

Beyond trading, Strike offers direct deposit, bill pay and global payments, and it says payments work in over 100 countries. In the US you can have your paycheck paid by direct deposit and convert up to $20,000 a month into bitcoin without a fee. In our view this is where Strike differs most from an exchange: it is built for people who want to live partly on bitcoin, not only to buy it.

Purchases can be spot buys, target orders at a price you set, or recurring buys. We think target orders are a simple way to avoid buying at a spike without learning an order book.

Limits

Bank deposits by ACH are limited to between $3,000 and $100,000 per 7 days, debit card deposits to between $500 and $7,500 per 7 days, and wires have no limit. For most savers the ACH limit is plenty, and in our view larger buyers will prefer a wire anyway.

Interest and loans

US individuals can earn 3.6% interest on cash, paid in bitcoin. Dollars in personal accounts are held at Cross River Bank, with pass-through FDIC insurance up to $250,000. In our view this is useful if you want idle cash to buy bitcoin over time, but the rate can change.

Strike also offers bitcoin-backed loans and credit lines from 7.75% APR, with no origination fee. Loans are not offered in every state, and minimum amounts vary by state, with Hawaii among the exceptions. Borrowing against bitcoin carries the risk of a margin call in a sharp drop, so we would only borrow well below the limit.

Security and custody

Strike holds customer bitcoin 1:1 in full reserve, in multi-signature vaults that are mostly in cold storage, and it holds all the keys needed to move customer funds. That is a clear setup, but in our view it also means you rely on Strike's own controls while your bitcoin sits on the platform.

You can protect the account with two-factor authentication through a passkey, a security key or an authenticator app, add a PIN, and rely on a 5-day delay before anyone can switch these protections off. We rate that delay as one of the better account protections we have seen, because it gives you time to react if someone gains access. Strike also gives each account an anti-phishing code that appears in its emails.

Reserves

For loans, Strike Lending publishes quarterly agreed-upon procedures reports by the accounting firm FGMK LLC on the bitcoin collateral, with the latest covering September 30, 2026. We found no public proof of reserves covering all customer balances. In our view a full reserve attestation for all bitcoin held would be the next step for a company that calls itself fully reserved.

Regulation

In the US, Zap Solutions, Inc. possesses money transmitter licenses where needed. In New York, it holds a virtual currency business activity license, number 0000050. It is also registered with FinCEN as a money services business.

Within the EU, Zap (Strike) Europe Limited is authorized as a CASP by the MFSA in Malta.

Support

You can open a support request in the app or write by email, and eligible US accounts can request a callback. We think it helps that a callback is confirmed inside the app, which makes it harder for scammers to pose as Strike. We found no security incident notice in Strike's help center or terms.

App ratings

On the US App Store, the Strike app is rated 4.78 from 28,983 ratings. On Google Play it shows 1M+ downloads. In our view the ratings fit our reading of the app as simple and focused.

Who Strike suits

In our view Strike suits three kinds of readers well. We think the first is the regular saver who wants to buy a fixed amount every week or month without paying a fee each time. We think the second is the person who wants part of a paycheck in bitcoin and the rest in dollars, all in one account. We think the third is the self-custody user who wants a cheap way in and a free, automatic way out to a hardware wallet. For all three, we think the narrow bitcoin focus is a strength rather than a limit, because the app does not push other coins or leveraged products.

Who should not use Strike

If you want ether, solana or any other coin, we think Strike is not for you, because it only supports bitcoin. If you trade actively with limit orders on an order book or use derivatives, we think an exchange fits better. And if you want to hold your keys from day one, we would still use Strike only as the on-ramp and withdraw to a hardware wallet.

Alternatives

For more coins and an order book, we think our Kraken review and Coinbase review are good next reads for US readers, and Coinbase vs Kraken compares them. For a regulated exchange with a strong security focus, we would also read our Gemini review. We would also compare the options on our list for US customers and our list of exchanges with low fees, and for storing bitcoin yourself see our Ledger Nano X review.

Our verdict

In our view, Strike is a strong choice for anyone who only wants bitcoin: low tiered fees, free recurring buys, free standard withdrawals and solid account protections. We think the bitcoin-only scope and the lack of a public reserve attestation for all balances are the main limits. If those do not matter to you, we would rate Strike among the first apps to consider for a bitcoin savings plan, ideally paired with a hardware wallet for the coins you keep.

Exchange ranking

All 36 exchanges by EF Score
Crypto exchanges by EF Score. Fees checked between October 3, 2026 and November 4, 2026. Source: exchangeflow.co
Crypto ExchangeCryptosTrading FeeWithdrawal FeeFor US Users?EF Score
WEEX11730.1%₿ 0.00016No9.8/10
MEXC12620.05%₿ 0.00002No9.6/10
OKX304OKX US entry tier (OKX INC.) for US residents. The global and EEA entry tier is 0.08% maker and 0.10% taker.OKX charges the Bitcoin network fee it shows on its withdrawal page, and the amount changes with network load. On 2026-10-05 it showed 0.000015 BTC, about $1.29 at the OKX BTC index price.Yes9.3/10
Bitpanda5680.99%Bitpanda adjusts this fee to congestion on the Bitcoin network and says it earns nothing from it. On 2026-10-03 it showed 0.00000598 BTC, about $0.51 at Bitpanda's BTC price.No9.2/10
Binance4160.1%Binance sets this fee itself and adjusts it to activity on the Bitcoin network. On 2026-10-03 it charged 0.00002 BTC for a Bitcoin network withdrawal, about $1.69 at Binance's BTC/USDT price.No9.1/10
KuCoin8370.1%₿ 0.00009No8.9/10
Bitvavo4260.25%Bitvavo sets this fee itself and changes it with blockchain capacity. On 2026-10-03 it charged 0.000017 BTC, about $1.44 at Bitvavo's BTC/USDC price.No8.8/10
eToro1501%Moving BTC from your eToro investment account to the eToro crypto wallet costs 2% of the amount (at least $1, at most $100). Sending it from the wallet to an external address then costs only the Bitcoin network fee.Yes8.8/10
Kraken6290.8%Kraken may adjust this fee as its costs and market conditions change. On 2026-10-03 its fee page showed 0.000015 BTC for a Bitcoin withdrawal when viewed from the US.Yes8.8/10
Pionex3110.05%₿ 0.000018No8.5/10
Bybit3930.1%Bybit sets this fee itself and changes it often. Between 2026-10-02 and 2026-10-05 it showed 0.000035 to 0.000068 BTC for a Bitcoin network withdrawal.No8.5/10
Coinbase407Coinbase Advanced spot entry tier for US residents. In the EU and UK the entry tier is 0.25% maker and 0.50% taker; in Brazil, India and other international markets it is 0.09% maker and 0.10% taker.Coinbase sets this fee from its own estimate. Estimated Bitcoin network cost on 2026-10-03: about $0.36 (range $0.12 to $0.83 over the previous 24 hours, mempool.space).Yes8.3/10
BSDEX100.35%₿ 0No8.2/10
Bitfinex680%₿ 0.00006No8.1/10
Bitstamp1140.4%Bitstamp charges its own estimate of the Bitcoin network fee plus a processing fee it does not publish, and shows the total before you confirm. Estimated network cost on 2026-10-03: about $0.36 (range $0.12 to $0.83 over the previous 24 hours, mempool.space); the processing fee comes on top.Yes8.1/10
Bitget5110.1%₿ 0.00002No8.0/10
justTRADE73justTRADE charges no maker or taker fees. You pay a 0.125% commission per crypto order plus a spread of at least 0.175% in the price.justTRADE does not allow transfers of crypto into or out of your account.No8.0/10
Crypto.com4160.5%Crypto.com Exchange quotes 0.0004 BTC for a Bitcoin withdrawal, about $33.82 at its BTC price on 2026-10-03. The quote is based on an estimate of network fees, so the final fee may differ.Yes8.0/10
Trade Republic50Trade Republic charges no commission on crypto trades. You pay a €1 settlement fee per trade, plus a spread in the price.Trade Republic charges no fee to send crypto; you pay only the Bitcoin network fee. Estimated network cost on 2026-10-03: about $0.36 (range $0.12 to $0.83 over the previous 24 hours, mempool.space).No7.9/10
Phemex1390.1%₿ 0.000015No7.8/10
Scalable Capital321%Scalable Capital holds crypto as exchange-traded products (ETPs), not as coins, so you cannot withdraw it to a private wallet. In exceptional cases an ETP issuer may redeem the coins to your own wallet, with its own checks and fees.No7.8/10
CEX.IO2720.25%CEX.IO lists this fee as floating and sets the amount itself. On 2026-10-03 it listed 0.000075 BTC, about $6.35 at CEX.IO's BTC price.Yes7.5/10
Relai1Relai charges a 1.00% service fee on transactions of €50 to €99,999.99, plus its own margin in the price.Relai's wallet is non-custodial, so the bitcoin you buy is held in your own wallet. Relai covers the Bitcoin network fee when you buy; when you sell, the network fee is included in the price shown.No7.5/10
Plus50024Plus500 offers crypto as CFDs in the EEA. It charges no fee to open or close a trade and is paid mainly through the spread built into its quoted price.Plus500 offers crypto as CFDs, so there are no coins to withdraw.No7.5/10
WhiteBIT3380.1%WhiteBIT bases this fee on blockchain fees and the price of bitcoin, and it can change the fee without notice. On 2026-10-08 it listed 0.00009 BTC for a withdrawal on the Bitcoin network, about $7.48 at WhiteBIT's BTC price.No7.4/10
Uphold300Uphold charges no maker or taker fee. Its spread is typically 2.00% to 2.20% on BTC and ETH and 2.45% to 3.8% on altcoins, and trades under $500 add a $0.99 fee.Uphold's fee table shows 0.00004 BTC for a bitcoin withdrawal. Other networks, except XRP and HBAR, carry a flat $0.99 fee.Yes7.3/10
Gate.io14640.1%Gate adjusts its withdrawal fees every hour based on network conditions. On 2026-10-04 its fee page showed 0.00003 BTC for a Bitcoin withdrawal, about $2.57 at Gate's BTC price.No7.2/10
Strike1Strike charges one fee per trade that falls with monthly volume, from 0.89% to 0.25%. Recurring buys are free after the first week.On-chain withdrawals are free if you can wait up to 24 hours; faster confirmation costs a fee.Yes7.1/10
BackpackEntry tier: spot 0.08% maker and 0.10% taker, perpetual futures 0.02% maker and 0.05% taker. Fees fall with 30-day volume.Backpack's public asset list shows 0.000026 BTC for a withdrawal on the Bitcoin network.Yes7.1/10
BitFlyer9bitFlyer USA entry tier for Lightning Spot; bitFlyer Europe also charges 0.10%. On bitFlyer USA, the Buy/Sell service has no separate fee, but its prices include a fee of 0.1% to 6.0%, and more when prices move sharply.₿ 0.0004Yes7.1/10
Hotcoin2850.2%₿ 0.00003No7.1/10
Cash App1Cash App charges 2.0% on market buys from $1 to $499, 1.5% from $500 to $999 and 0.9% from $1,000 to $1,999, with no fee above $2,000. A spread of up to 0.75% may apply, and recurring buys carry neither.Standard withdrawals within 24 hours are free from 100,000 sats; Rush and Priority add a share of the network fee plus up to $2 or $3.Yes7.0/10
Gemini801.2%Gemini charges a dynamic fee meant to cover the Bitcoin network fee. Estimated network cost on 2026-10-03: about $0.36 (range $0.12 to $0.83 over the previous 24 hours, mempool.space).Yes6.5/10
LBank8850.1%₿ 0.00005No6.3/10
Libertex102Libertex offers crypto only as CFDs. It charges a 0.1% commission on crypto CFDs, and the spread varies with the market.Libertex offers crypto only as CFDs, so there are no coins to withdraw.No6.1/10
Upbit3600.05%₿ 0.0002No6.0/10
Show all 36 exchanges+33 moreShow fewer

CFD risk warning: Libertex and Plus500 offer crypto as CFDs (contracts for difference), so you trade on the price without owning the coins. CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. Most retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs with these providers. You should consider whether you understand how CFDs work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.

Compare Side by Side
Alternatives

Exchanges to compare with Strike

Popular comparisons

Editorial pages, side by side

Related reviews

Similar providers, each on its own review page
Reader reviews

What readers say about Strike

No reader reviews of Strike yet

User ratings

What users say elsewhere

Ratings and counts are shown as each store publishes them. We summarize; we do not copy or select reviews, and these figures are not part of our score. How we use store ratings

Reddit

Community

On Reddit's r/strikebtc, read on November 10, 2026, we looked at three top threads of the past year about Strike. Users welcomed the new interest on cash paid in bitcoin, the bitcoin backed loans with a lower minimum, and bill pay, and several said the team listens to feedback. Criticism focused on loan rates that look high next to rival lenders, questions about how collateral is held, missing availability in Europe and the United Kingdom, a failed text verification during signup with unhelpful support, and some distrust of yield products after past crypto lender failures.

Discussions about Strike on Reddit (opens in a new tab) (r/strikebtc)

Editorial summary: we read these public Reddit threads on November 10, 2026 and summarized them in our own words. It reflects what users discuss, not a fact check, and it is not affiliated with or endorsed by Reddit.

FAQ

Short answers about Strike

From the review above.

Is Strike available in the US?

Yes. Strike serves all 50 states, D.C., and Puerto Rico.

What fees does Strike charge?

The fee starts at 0.89% per trade and falls with monthly volume, and recurring buys are free after the first week.

Can you withdraw bitcoin from Strike for free?

Yes, on-chain withdrawals are free if you wait up to 24 hours. Faster confirmation costs a fee.

Does Strike support other coins?

No. Strike is bitcoin only.

Author

Who checked this review

Ethan Parker

Senior Content Editor

Ethan Parker is Senior Content Editor at Exchange Flow. He has followed crypto since 2015, from Bitcoin and Ethereum to the exchanges people use to buy and trade them.

Updated on November 4, 2026

Sources

Sources, how we rate and our process

Sources

  1. strike.me/us/en/about.md, for Crypto assets, checked November 4, 2026
  2. strike.me/us/en/hold.md, for BTC withdrawal, checked November 4, 2026
  3. strike.me/us/en/legal/us-individual-ts, for ID check, checked November 4, 2026
  4. strike.me/us/en/legal/us-state-license-disclosures, for US availability and Licenses, checked November 4, 2026
  5. strike.me/us/en/support/how-do-i-deposit-cash.md, for Ways to pay, checked November 4, 2026
  6. strike.me/us/en/support/what-are-the-trading-fees.md, for Maker fee, Taker fee and Fee table, checked November 4, 2026
  7. strike.me/us/en/support/where-is-strike-available.md, for Fee schedule and US availability, checked November 4, 2026

How we rate

We score every exchange from 1 to 10 on six criteria: operation, functions and scope, fees and costs, security and trust, beginner friendliness and support. The overall score is our editorial judgment of the platform as a whole; it draws on the six scores but is not their average. How we rate

Our process

We take fees, availability, licenses and coin counts from primary sources: Strike's own fee schedules, terms and help pages, and the public registers kept by regulators. Every value carries the date we last checked it. The values on this page were checked on November 4, 2026. Ethan Parker, Senior Content Editor, checked this page; updated November 4, 2026.